Ways to Prevent Air Pollution Essay Example

Ways to Prevent Air Pollution Paper How Trees Prevent Air Pollution Many cities are notorious for their dangerously high levels of air pollution and the resulting health issues, such as asthma and emphysema. Summer heat and vehicle emissions are just a few of the contributing factors that increase air pollution levels. However, healthy trees planted effectively along roads, buildings and in parking lots can decrease overall air pollution levels for city residents. Trees can remove both gaseous air pollutants and particulate matter. Gaseous air pollution enters a tree through leaf stomata and is either held in intracellular cavities or processed into usable nutrients. According to David Knacks report, The Effects of Urban Trees on Air Quality for the USDA Forest Service, particulate matter usually collects on the surface of trees. The particulates often enter the ground by either being washed off the tree by precipitation or falling to the ground with leaves and twigs. Larger trees tend to be much more effective, by approximately 70%, at removing air pollutants than smaller trees. Over the course of one year, trees removed an estimated 1,821 metric tons of air pollution in New York City. Trees reduce rounding air temperature and create their own micrometers through transpiration and the effects of tree canopies. Tree canopies not only provide shade but they also reduce solar radiation absorption and provide heat storage. The larger the tree canopy, the greater the reduction of surrounding air temperature. Decreasing air temperature is effective in reducing air pollution because many of the chemicals that create pollution are temperature dependent. Shade from trees planted In parking lots can create small reductions, 1 to 2%, of the levels of harmful emissions produced from AR ignitions. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways to Prevent Air Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ways to Prevent Air Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ways to Prevent Air Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Trees can keep buildings cooler in the summer and more insulated in winter. By blocking solar radiation and creating a cooler micrometers, trees offer buildings protection from summer heat. During winter, trees can provide effective wind breaks and block drafts from entering structures. This lowers the amount of energy used to heat or cool the building and reduces the air pollution created in the production of energy. For trees to be the most effective in improving air quality they need to be placed in appropriate locations. According to Francisco Scooped in his article, Urban Forests in Florida: Do they reduce air pollution? on the University of Florida BIAS Extension website, scattered trees are less effective in reducing air pollution. Stands of trees or dense evergreens provide more effective removal of particulate matter and protection from solar radiation than scattered deciduous trees. Trees surrounding buildings should be placed in areas that provide protection from solar radiation in summer and block winter wind. The types of trees used are as important as their placement. Healthy, hardy and long lived trees are the best choice. Avoiding trees that quire frequent maintenance will lower the amount of pollution emitted by fossil-fueled machines like chainsaws, leaf blowers and wood chippers. Knacks studies revealed that mulberry, cherry, linden and honeysuckle trees were especially effective in reducing ozone levels. Trees help to settle out, trap and hold particle pollutants (dust, ash, pollen and smoke) that can damage human lungs. Trees absorb CA and other dangerous gases and, in turn, replenish the atmosphere with oxygen. Trees produce enough oxygen on each acre for 18 people every day. Trees absorb enough CA on each acre, ever a years time, to equal the amount you produce when you drive your car 26,000 miles. Trees remove gaseous pollutants by absorbing them through the pores in the leaf surface. Particulates are trapped and filtered by leaves, stems and twigs, and washed to the ground by rainfall. Air pollutants injure trees by damaging their foliage and impairing the process of photosynthesis (food making). They also weaken trees making them more susceptible to other health problems such as insects and diseases. The loss of trees in our urban areas not only intensifies the urban heat-island effect from loss of hade and evaporation, but we lose a principal absorber of carbon dioxide and trapper of other air pollutants as well. Some of the major air pollutants and their primary sources are: Carbon dioxide: Burning oil, coal, natural gas for energy. Decay and burning of tropical forests. Sulfur dioxide: Burning coal to generate electricity. Hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrachloride: Aluminum and phosphate fertilizer production, oil refineries, and steel manufacturing. Ozone: Chemical reactions of sunlight on automobile exhaust gases. Ozone is a major pollutant in smog. Methane: Burning fossil fuels, livestock waste, landfills and rice production. Nitrous oxides: Burning fossil fuels and automobile exhausts. Chlorofluorocarbons: Air conditioners, refrigerators, industrial foam. The burning of fossil fuels for energy and large scale forest fires such as in the tropics are major contributors to the buildup of CA in the atmosphere. Managing and protecting forests and planting new trees reduces CA levels by storing carbon in their roots and trunk and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. Trees help to settle out, trap and hold particle Laotians (dust, ash, pollen and smoke) that can damage human lungs. Trees absorb CA and other dangerous gases and, in turn, replenish the atmosphere with oxygen. Trees produce enough oxygen on each acre for 18 people every day. Trees absorb enough CA on each acre, over a years time, to equal the amount you produce when you drive your car 26,000 miles. Trees remove gaseous pollutants by absorbing them through the pores in the leaf surface. Particulates are trapped and filtered by leaves, stems and twigs, and washed to the ground by rainfall. Air pollutants injure trees by damaging heir foliage and impairing the process of photosynthesis (food making). They also weaken trees making them more susceptible to other health problems such as insects and diseases. The loss of trees in our urban areas not only intensifies the urban heat-island effect from loss of shade and evaporation, but we lose a principal absorber of carbon dioxide and trapper of other air pollutants as well. Some Of the major air pollutants and their primary sources are: Carbon dioxide: Burning Oil, coal, natural gas for energy. Decay and burning of tropical forests. Sulfur dioxide: Burning coal to generate electricity. Hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrachloride: Aluminum and phosphate fertilizer production, oil refineries, and steel manufacturing. Ozone: Chemical reactions of sunlight on automobile exhaust gases. Ozone is a major pollutant in smog. Methane: Burning fossil fuels, livestock waste, landfills and rice production. Nitrous oxides: Burning fossil fuels and automobile exhausts. Chlorofluorocarbons: Air conditioners, refrigerators, industrial foam. The burning of fossil fuels for energy and large scale forest fires such as in the ropier are major contributors to the buildup of CA in the atmosphere. Managing and protecting forests and planting new trees reduces CA levels by storing carbon in their roots and trunk and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. Trees and other vegetation must use what is in their environment. So it is not surprising to find that they absorb pollutants (natural or man made) which may be absorbed successfully or may cause the vegetation to die. Vegetation plays an unexpectedly large role in cleansing the atmosphere, a new study finds. The research, led by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Cool. , uses observations, gene expression studies, and Computer modeling to show that deciduous plants absorb about a third more of a common class of air-polluting chemicals than previously thought. The ways that trees can help to clean the air should not be overlooked. Trees are an important, cost-effective solution to reducing pollution and improving air quality. Trees help to lower air temperatures and the urban heat island affect. This reduction of temperature not only lowers energy use, it also improves air quality, as the formation of zone is dependent on temperature. Trees also reduce pollution by actively removing it from the atmosphere. Leaf stomata, the pores on the leaf surface, take in polluting gases which are then absorbed by water inside the leaf. Some species of trees are more susceptible to the uptake of pollution, which could negatively affect plant growth. Ideally, trees should be selected that take in higher quantities of polluting gases and are resistant to the negative affects they can causes study across the Chicago region determined that trees removed approximately 17 tons of carbon monoxide (CO), 93 tons of lawful dioxide (ASS), 98 tons of nitrogen dioxide (NON), and 210 tons of ozone in 1 991. The new study, results of which are being published this week in Science Express, was conducted with co-authors from the University of Northern Colorado and the University of Arizona. Plants clean our air to a greater extent than we had realized, says NCAR scientist Thomas Karl, the lead author. They actively consume certain types of air pollution. The research team focused on a class of chemicals known as oxygenated volatile organic compounds (Voss), which can have long-term impacts on the environment and human health. The team has made significant progress in understanding the complex interactions between plants and the atmosphere, says Anne-Marie Schmeltzer of Ann.s Division of Atmospheric and Space Sciences. The compounds form in abundance in the atmosphere from hydrocarbons and other chemicals that are emitted from both natural sourcesincluding plants?and sources related to human activities, including vehicles and construction materials. Eventually, some Voss may evolve into tiny airborne particles, known as aerosols, that have important effects on clouds and human health-By measuring VOCE levels in a number of ecosystems in the United States and other countries, the researchers determined that deciduous plants appear to be taking up the compounds at an unexpectedly fast rateas much as four times more rapidly than previously thought. The uptake was especially rapid in dense forests and most evident near the tops of forest canopies, which accounted for as much as 97 percent of the VOCE uptake that was observed. The scientists moved their research into their laboratories and focused on poplar trees. The species offered a significant advantage in that its genome has been sequenced. The team found that when the study trees were under stress, either because of a physical wound or because of exposure to an irritant such as ozone pollution, they began sharply increasing their uptake of Voss. At the same time, changes took place in expression levels Of certain genes that indicated heightened metabolic activity in the poplars. The uptake of Voss, the scientists concluded, appeared to be part of a larger metabolic cycle. Len order to metabolize these chemicals, the plants start increasing the levels of enzymes that transform the chemicals into less toxic substances. At the same time, as it turns out, the plant draws down more Voss, which can be metabolize by the enzymes. Our results show that plants can actually adjust their metabolism and increase their uptake of atmospheric chemicals as a response to various types of stress, says Channel Bass of the University of Northern Colorado, a co-author. This complex metabolic process within plants has the side effect of cleansing our atmosphere. Once they understood the extent to which plants absorb Voss, the research team fed he information into a computer model that simulates chemicals in the atmosphere worldwide. The results indicated that, on a global level, plants are taking in 36 percent more Voss than had previously been accounted for in studies of atmospheric constitutionalitys, since plants are directly removing the Voss, fewer of the compounds are evolving into aerosols. A poet (Joyce Killer) once said: l think that shall never see A poem lovely as a tree.

Free Essays on Charles Chestnutt

â€Å"Without struggle, there is no progress†. In 1899, Charles Chesnutt was commissioned by Small Maynard and Company to write a biography of Frederick Douglass to be included in the famous Beacon Series. The Beacon Biographies contained volumes on eminent Americans such as Ralph Waldo Emerson. Chesnutt was the first African American invited to write for this series and Frederick Douglass was the first African American biography included. Chesnutt and Douglass were men who played important roles in the history of African-Americans and the history of our country. Although Chesnutt was not an eminent American in the Beacon Series, he could have qualified for inclusion because of his pioneering role in American fiction and his consistent efforts to agitate the American conscience regarding discrimination against blacks. In fact, during the year 1899, he wrote Frederick Douglass, Chesnutt published Two works with Houghton Mifflin, Boston: The Conjure Woman and The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories. The two books were the first works by an African American to be published by a major publishing house. As a result of these Publications, Chesnutt recognized in American literary history as the first African American author to receive high critical acclaim. These works were Followed by the novels: One House Behind The Cedars, The Marrow of Tradition, and The Colonel’s Dream. Through his public speeches and his polemical writings, Chesnutt fought consistently for the Civil Rights of African Americans. He was a strong voice against the disfranchisement of African Americans, the showing of racist movies such as â€Å"The Birth of The Nation† and the publication of books denigrating African Americans. In 1928 Chesnutt, the teacher, the lawyer, the businessman, and the writer, was awarded the NAACP Spingarn award for contribution to creative literature and Civil Rights. Hence, Chesnutt’s biography of Doug... Free Essays on Charles Chestnutt Free Essays on Charles Chestnutt â€Å"Without struggle, there is no progress†. In 1899, Charles Chesnutt was commissioned by Small Maynard and Company to write a biography of Frederick Douglass to be included in the famous Beacon Series. The Beacon Biographies contained volumes on eminent Americans such as Ralph Waldo Emerson. Chesnutt was the first African American invited to write for this series and Frederick Douglass was the first African American biography included. Chesnutt and Douglass were men who played important roles in the history of African-Americans and the history of our country. Although Chesnutt was not an eminent American in the Beacon Series, he could have qualified for inclusion because of his pioneering role in American fiction and his consistent efforts to agitate the American conscience regarding discrimination against blacks. In fact, during the year 1899, he wrote Frederick Douglass, Chesnutt published Two works with Houghton Mifflin, Boston: The Conjure Woman and The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories. The two books were the first works by an African American to be published by a major publishing house. As a result of these Publications, Chesnutt recognized in American literary history as the first African American author to receive high critical acclaim. These works were Followed by the novels: One House Behind The Cedars, The Marrow of Tradition, and The Colonel’s Dream. Through his public speeches and his polemical writings, Chesnutt fought consistently for the Civil Rights of African Americans. He was a strong voice against the disfranchisement of African Americans, the showing of racist movies such as â€Å"The Birth of The Nation† and the publication of books denigrating African Americans. In 1928 Chesnutt, the teacher, the lawyer, the businessman, and the writer, was awarded the NAACP Spingarn award for contribution to creative literature and Civil Rights. Hence, Chesnutt’s biography of Doug...

Education Patient with Written Information to Reduce Anxiety and Dissertation

Education Patient with Written Information to Reduce Anxiety and Better Compliance in Undergoing Cadiac Catheterization - Dissertation Example __________________ for their unwavering guidance and direction throughout the course of this dissertation planning, preparing and drafting. The points needed to mention in the acknowledgements as below. I would also like to thank and acknowledge the support of the staff of ____________ Education (U.K.) administrative office. A special thanks and appreciation goes out to my family members, classmates and colleagues for their sincere support and encouragement without which I could not have completed this dissertation. I also want to thank everyone who helped me in anyway whatsoever. Abstract Aims This research study is a critical appraisal of the effectiveness of educational information intervention on patient anxiety in preparing for cardiac catheterization. Methods This is a critical literature review. The critical literature review is conducted using a framework for conducting a critical appraisal of quantitative research as recommended by Coughlan, et. al.,(2007). The critical appr aisal is also conducted using a framework for conducting a critical appraisal of qualitative research as recommended by Ryan, et. al.,(2007). Six journal articles were selected based on the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. ... Specifically, this study finds that patient education prior to undergoing cardiac catheterization significantly decreases fear, uncertainty and distress among patients anticipating the experience of undergoing cardiac catheterization. In turn, patients are more willing to comply with pre-cardiac catheterization and post-catheterization instructions. The combined effect of compliance and reduced anxiety helps patients make a more fruitful and time efficient recovery. Discussion Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. The weaknesses and strengths of the research and the underlying research studies critically appraised are revealed. The study makes recommendations informed by the results and the analysis of the results. This study is important because it can contribute to existing knowledge by identifying the current status of the knowledge relative to the reduction of patient anxiety over undergoing cardiac catheterization via education and what areas may require further research for improving on the current knowledge base. Moreover, by identifying the current status of knowledge relative to reducing patient anxiety via education for improving the effectiveness of cardiac catheterization, nursing practices can be informed by the benefits of using education as a method of managing patient anxiety. Conclusion Essentially, this research report identifies and explains how this research can inform research and practice relative to the reduction of patient anxiety in anticipation of cardiac catheterization. This study concludes that the reduction of anxiety and psychological distress prior to undergoing cardiac

Discuss and explore the evolution of the vampire in the Research Paper

Discuss and explore the evolution of the vampire in the litearature,film,and popular culture - Research Paper Example Through it all, the vampires in vampire lore, and Edward in Twilight reflect societal consciousness, while assisting society in accepting that sometimes that which might seem evil is not really. The vampire is emblematic of all of these feelings of desperation, torture and loss, as well as being a symbol of destructive power and abstract horror, that invades our imaginations and sensibilities. As a symbol of desperation, however, the vampire perhaps has more in common with the desperate French nobility during the time of the French Revolution, such as the Princesse de Monaco, a noblewoman of the house of Choiseul-Stainville who died at the guillotine in 1794 (Loomis, 333). This is because the vampire is often the epitome of nobility, and â€Å"well-groomed horror,† and is often portrayed as wealthy (Abbott, 52). That said, the essence of the vampire is often desperation, even if the image is not of nobility. Part of their desperation comes from their status as being outsiders in society, an alien other. This causes the vampires to be stunted in their growth, as they cannot grow spiritually, in character or in relationships (Auerbach, 112). They have pathos because of their misrecognised identities, as they are innocent, but their innocence is hidden by their bodies, who are the very essence of evil. The modern vampires of the twentieth century, states Beck (94), as the allure to modern audiences because of their sense of pathos about what they are and the fact that they are painfully aware of their outsider status. Yet they also are a mirror for the desperations that human beings feel as well. Therefore, their desperation is felt not only by themselves, but also performs the function if reflecting mankind's own desperation. For instance, Bradshaw (2), tells of a psychologist who, upon reflecting upon a human patient who destroyed the helpless for profit and created a hellish home for the aged remarked about a vampire was not her first predator that she h ad known, but, rather, was just more honest and direct about it. In other words, the vampire is reflecting the desperation, or, in this case, the degradation of the human, and the vampire thus serves this purpose. The vampire also should not really be considered to be an outsider because he is so much like the human, only better, as he does not try to hide who he is, where a human might. Butler (1735) concurs. She states that the vampire is an embodiment of the monster within us, and serves the purpose in showing that human monsters are not so bad once you get to know them, while also allowing us to feel powerful as the monster himself. For Butler, the vampire is the embodiment of evil, yet, with their trappings of wealth, they make the evil somewhat appealing and with positive aspects. The vampire also is portrayed as a tortured being, much like the prisoners were tortured in the Bastille during the French Revolution. The torture sometimes takes the form of actual physical torture, such as the scene in Return of the Vampire (1943), in which the vampire is dragged into the sunlight and staked, leaving behind a rotting corpse(Gordon and Hollinger, 58). In Horror of Dracula in 1958, the death of Dracula by sunlight â€Å"is presented as a painful attack upon the victim's body...burning the vampire's skin to ash.† (Gordon and Hollinger, 101). The victims of the vampires are also tortured beings, such as the victims in George Romero's Martin. These victims have their wrists slit with razor blades, as the

Theory Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory Synthesis - Essay Example For instance, in this paper, we focus on the postulation that there exists a gap in practice theories where nurses show partiality in the manner they treat outpatients as compared to the manner of treating the patients who are admitted. Introduction The study in the theoretical structures that govern nursing practices reveal that nurses care for patients holistically (patients as well as their family members) more when they are admitted than when they are on the outpatient setting. Therefore, there is the need to breech the gap in the holistic care of outpatients in order to restore effectiveness and efficiencies in the nursing profession. All patients, regardless of being admitted or treated under outpatient settings rely on the nursing services as advanced by the nursing practitioners. The nursing profession on the other hand has been shown to rely on the theoretical frameworks in order to actualize the effective delivery of caring services to patients. Therefore, nursing theories complement the nursing practice in servicing patients. From the previous literature review, a gap is established between the nursing practice and theory and this forms the basis of this paper. Synthesize the knowledge gained in the area you studied during this course The study of the interrelationship between theoretical and practical aspects in the nursing profession has revealed a lot of incites which form the basis of this paper. Among other features noted, nursing is purely a scientific discipline whose success wholly depends on the proper adoption and application of scientific theories (Swanson, 1991; Risjord, nd ). Scientific theories are frameworks that have been in application over decades in explaining scientific phenomena and are testable and universally accepted. Nursing as a profession is therefore based on scientific research and hence runs under the guidance of such defined theoretical frameworks. However, research studies have been used to reveal that there exists som e gap between the existing theories and the actual practice by the nursing professionals. In often times, the inpatients enjoy higher attention and improved care by the nurses as compared to the patients receiving care in the outpatient department. This gap shows that there is inadequacy in the existing theories to guide the nursing professionals in attending to needs of patients; both at the customized care set up within hospitals inpatient programs as well as at the outpatient departments. We therefore note that there is great need to breach the gap existing between practice and the nursing theories. Our particular attention will be on breaching this gap by proposing and evaluating the provisions of a theory that addresses a patient as an entity, the family and community from which the patient hails as well as the nurse as most critical component in the recovery process. Though there lacks particular theories to address the disparity between nursing practices towards inpatients as and outpatients, there are some theoretical formulations which holistically empowers nurses to play a critical role in recovery process of patients; both admitted and the outpatients. Propose a component of a theoretical framework that addresses a gap following the theory development procedure you learned It is worth noting that the formulation of theories

Mental health nursing exam

Mental health nursing exam Phil Maude and Alistair Ross Question 1. (6 marks) Search for the Victorian MH Act on the web and define the following terms 1.1. Approved Mental Health Service The Mental Health Act (1986) defined an approved mental health service as a service or premises which either proclaimed to be an approved mental health service under section 94 or declared to be one under section 94A as a place where treatment can be provided to patients under the Act. For example, the psychiatric in-patient units of public hospitals are typically proclaimed as approved mental health services. 1.2. Community Treatment Order Community treatment order (CTO) is an order made by an authorised psychiatrist for a person having mental illness and under involuntary treatment order while not detained in an approved mental health services. However, this order does not affect patients in approved mental health services or a prisoner having mental illness (Mental Health Act, 1986). 1.3. Community Visitor The Mental Health Act of 1986 stated that community visitors of each region are whom appointed by councils governor under recommendation directly from the minister. 1.4. Involuntary Patient Mental Health Act (1986) specified a patient being subject to an involuntary, community or hospital transfer treatment order as an involuntary patient. This particular patient is also influenced by some conditions under section 12 and section 93 of the Act. 1.5. Mental Illness Mental illness refers to a person who is medically and mentally ill with significant disturbance of thought, perception, cognition, mood or memory (Mental Health Act, 1986). 1.6 Mental Health Review Board Mental Health Review Board is the Board established under theMental Health Act to conduct reviews of, and hear appeals by, involuntarily treated psychiatric patients either as inpatients or on community treatment orders (Mental Health At, 1986). Question 2. (5 marks) Using your reading of the Victorian MH Act explain the involuntary admission process for a person who is suspected to have a mental illness. Ensure you mention the correct forms that will be required The involuntary admission process for a person suspected having a mental illness is detailed with the following steps: Admission and detention for an involuntary patient can only occur in a public funded approved psychiatric hospital. This patient may be admitted or detained according to the Mental Health Act only if he or she presents or appears with psychological illness and need immediate treatment that can be achieved by admission to and detention in an approved mental health service. Additionally, in order to improve or prevent a deterioration in physical or medical conditions of that patient and protect the public members, the patient may be admitted to an approved mental health service to receive adequate and appropriate treatment rather than stay in less restrictive of that persons freedom and action. The person needs to be referred to a registered medical practitioner by himself or herself, family, relatives, health professional officers, police personnel or others related to the referral. Medical practitioner satisfies that person meets the criteria for involuntary treatment which is under section 8(1) of the Mental Health Act 1986. Otherwise, he will either provide the service or refer the examined patient to other mental health or health services. A request form must be completed by the person, who is over the ages of 18 years, making request for the admission and a recommendation signed by registered medical practitioner following patients examination made not more than three days prior to the admission of that patient. The request and recommendation cannot be signed by the same person making the recommendation. Consequently, the patient who is subject to an involuntary treatment order is taken to an approved mental health service by police officers, ambulance, any person authorised by the person making the request or arrangement admission made by that approved mental health services. At the approved mental health service, the registered medical practitioner who is employed by this health service or mental health practitioner must make an involuntary treatment order under section 12AA(2) and necessarily detain patient for his or her own safety according to section 12AA(4) of the Victorian Mental Health Act 1986. The registered medical practitioner can possibly release the person from detention to await examination by the authorised psychiatric if they suspected the criteria in section 8(1) of the Act and consulted with the authorised psychiatric involving section 12AA(5). Then, authorised psychiatrist will examine the person as soon as after the registrar making the involuntary treatment order or within 24 hours following the order to confirm the involuntary admission (Mental Health Act, 1986, s. 12AC). If the consultant is whether satisfied with the criteria under section 8(1) or not, he or she will either discharge the person from the order or confirm the involu ntary treatment order. In addition, the authorised psychiatrist confirm the involuntary treatment order under subsection 2(b), the CTO can be placed on the person under section 14 (Mental Health Act, 1986, s. 12AC). Question 3. (5 marks) Thinking about the forms and roles and responsibilities of people who may be associated with an involuntary admission of a person under the MH Act, what roles could the following people have and what forms would they be able to complete 3.1. Carer of a family member who has a mental illness The Mental Health Act (1986) suggested that a carer has the authority to make a request to a registered medical practitioner for admitting an involuntary patient. He or she has the responsibility to take or authorizes any person, for example a community nurse, either taking the person to an approved mental health service or arranging for one to admit the person. The carer is able to complete the â€Å"Request for Person to Receive Involuntary Treatment from an Approved Mental Health Service† form under schedule 1prespribed by the Mental Health Regulations 1998 to the registered medical practitioner employed by an approved mental health service or a mental health practitioner. 3.2. Community Mental Health Nurse In case of the registered medical practitioner is unavailable for a reasonable period of time for making the recommendation, the person may be taken to an approved mental health service for examination after being assessed by an mental health nurse who must complete an â€Å"Authority to transport without recommendation† form under schedule 3 of the Mental Health Regulations 1998 (Mental Health Act, 1986). 3.3. General Practitioner The general practitioner has the responsibility to make a recommendation in a prescribe form which is â€Å"Recommendation for a person to receive involuntary treatment form a approved mental health services† form following a the persons examination (Mental health Act, 1986, s. 9) (Victoria Government, 2009) 3.4. Registrar Registrar who is a medical practitioner employed by an approved mental health service is responsible for assessing the person according to the request and recommendation. He or she has to make the involuntary treatment order under section 12AA(2) and detain patient for safetry issue according to section 12AA(4) of the Victorian Mental Health Act 1986. The registrar may release that person to await for the psychiatrists examination if they suspect the criteria in section 8(1) of the Act applying to the person and consulted with the authorised psychiatrist involving section 12AA(5) (Mental Health Act, 1986, s. 12). The registrar has the authority o complete the following forms: Schedule 4 Form 1 Restraint for the purposes of safely transporting a person to an approved mental health service† Schedule 4 Form 2 Sedation for the purposes of safely transporting a person to an approved mental health service Schedule 6 Involuntary treatment order. (Victoria Government, 2009, Schedules section) 3.5. Consultant A consultant means a authorised psychiatrist who should examine the person as soon as after the registrar making the involuntary treatment order or within 24 hours following the order to confirm the involuntary admission (Mental Health Act, 1986, s. 12AC). If the consultant is whether satisfied with the criteria under section 8(1) or not, he or she will either discharge the person from the order or confirm the involuntary treatment order. In addition, the authorised psychiatrist confirm the involuntary treatment order under subsection 2(b), the CTO can be placed on the person under section 14 (Mental Health Act, 1986, s. 12AC). Under the power of the Mental Health Act 1986 section 12AD, the authorised psychiatrist may give written consent on behalf of the involuntary patient if this patient refuses to necessary treatment or unable to consent to the treatment for his or her mental disorders. The authorised psychiatrist has the authority o complete the following forms: MHA1 Examination of involuntary patient by authorised psychiatrist MHA3 Examination of security / involuntary / forensic patient by authorised psychiatrist MHA4 Treatment plan MHA6 Community treatment order MHA16 Discharge from involuntary patient status. (Victoria Government, 2009, Mental Health Act Forms section). Question 4. (4 marks) Once a person has been received under the MH Act under what circumstances can an emergency registrar administer sedation? If the emergency registrar believe that it is essential to sedate the person in order to take him or her to the approved mental health service safely. The emergency registrar is also able to direct an authorised person to administer sedative medications to the patient. In addition, they must specify the particulars required by the prescribed form and deal with this form according to the regulations (Mental Health Act, 1986, s.10). Question 5. (2 marks) A patient must be seen by a Psychiatrist to confirm admission as an involuntary patient. Once a patient is received what time frame must be observed for the Psychiatric review? The authorised psychiatrist should examine the patient as soon as the involuntary treatment order is made by a medical practitioner employed by the approved mental health service or within 24 hours following the order (Mental Health Act, 1986, s.12AC). Therefore, the patient should be observed in that time frame until he or she being seen by the authorised psychiatrist. Question 6. (4 marks) (section 15 ) If a person is discharged from the inpatient unit on a Community Treatment Order, what restrictions can be placed on the patient? If the authorised psychiatrist considers that it is appropriate and for the good and wellness of patient, the psychiatrist can discharge him or her from the approved mental health service on CTO. The person who had the community treatment order upon is influenced during the duration of the order which is not over 12 months. The person has to stay where it is specified by the order for the treatment. The order sets out the term that a person must accept therapy and medication, conselling, management, rehabilitation and other related health services while living in the coummity. The person is provided compulsory care authorised by the CTO. In case of the person breaches the CTO by not complying with the conditions, the person may be taken to a mental health service and given appropriate treatment and care (New South Wales Government, 2007, what is a community treatment order (CTO)? section). Question 7. (4 marks) How often must a Community Treatment Order be reviewed and what is the maximum length of time a Community Treatment Order can be imposed? At least once a month, the supervising psychiatrist or a medical practitioner such as general practitioner will visit you to decide whether the order should continue or not. If the psychiatrist, at the end of three months period, can extend the order for another three months (Government of Western Australia, 2005, what will happen while I am on the order? section). A CTO can be made for period of up to 12 months and ends on the date stated on the order and if no date is stated, it will expire 12 months after the order was made (New South Wales Government, 2007, when does a CTO come to an end?). Question 8. (5 marks) What is a Special Warrant and what powers does this provide? Special Warrant apply where a member of the police force or any other person has reasonable ground to believe a person who appears mentally ill is unable to care for him or herself due to mental illness. In this case, â€Å"the member of police force or that other person may give information oath to a magistrate† (Mental Health Act, 1986, 11, para. 5) and seek a special warrant. Under section 12 of The Mental Act (1986), a police forces member who accompanied by a registered medical practitioner is authorised and directed by the magistrate in the form of a special warrant in the prescribed form to visit and examine the person. Additionally, police personnel who act under special warrant with assistance as required have authority to legally enter any premise and use such force as necessary so that the registered medical practitioner can examine that person (Mental Heal Act, 1986, 12). Question 9. (5 marks) (No need to cite references for these answers) True or False 9.1. A patient can be detained in a Private Psychiatric Hospital bed as an involuntary patient False. A patient who is under involuntary treatment order can only be detained in a public funded approved psychiatric hospital. 9.2. The Victorian Mental Health Act makes provision for voluntary patients False. Admission of voluntary patients has been deleted by the amendment of 1995. As a result, they are treated as other voluntary patients and need consent to all treatments provided. 9.3. Any patients can be given Electro Convulsive Therapy against their consent. False.Written consent needed from the patients to perform electro convulsive therapy. 9.4. Any one who commits violent acts in the Emergency Room can be restrained True. A person doing harm to him or herself ,patients, staffs other surrounding people in the emergency room will be restrained for safety issue. 9.5. An involuntary patient who refuses required surgical treatment can have this imposed upon them by the Psychiatrist False. For major medical or surgical procedures, the psychiatrist needs consent from the Guardian and Administration Board. 9.6. Lobotomy is legal in Victoria. True. In Australia, psychosurgery is performed by a select group of neurosurgeons. In Victoria, each individual operation must receive the consent of a Review Board before it may proceed. 9.7. Patients who have difficulty with budgeting can have their accounts taken over by the Guardianship board False. The Guardianship board appoint another person who is managing patients account. 9.8. Patients can not be kept in seclusion for more than 15 minutes False. For the purpose of safety and treatment, the patient can be restrained until he or she settle down. 9.9. The Psychiatrist must send a report of all seclusion that has occurred within a 12 month period to the Chief Psychiatrists Office. False.The psychiatrist has to send a report each month. 9.10. Electroconvulsive therapy is to a course of not more than 6 treatments given over a period with not more than 7 days elapsing between any 2 treatments True. It is what described in electroconvulsive therapy. Question 10. (10 marks) List 10 of the reasons why a person is not to be considered to have a mental illness and write a brief paragraph explaining why this is for each of these 10 reasons As stated in the Victorian Mental Health Act 1986 under section 8(2), a person is not considered to have mental illness due to the following reasons: â€Å"The person expresses or refuses or fails to express a particular political opinion or belief† (Section 8(2)). In Victoria, the law inhibits discrimination against people because of their actual or assumed political beliefs. (Victorian Equal Opportunity Human Rights Commission, 2007, para. 1) â€Å"The person expresses or refuses or fails to express a particular religious opinion or belief† (Section 8(2)). Freedom of religion and belief is a basic human rights which is protected by a number of international treaties and declarations that include article 18(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Australian Human Rights Comission, What is the freedom of religion and belief? section, para. 1) â€Å"The person expresses or refuses or fails to express a particular sexual reference or sexual orientation† (Section 8(2)). In 1973, because the influence of empirical data and changes in social norms along with the development of a political active gay community in the United States, the Board of Directors of the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality form the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The empirical evidence and professionals norm do not support that homosexuality is a form of mental illness. (Gregory, 2009, Removal from the DSM section, para. 1) â€Å"The person engages in or refuses or fails to engage in a particular political activity† (Section 8(2)). Political activity refer to a whether a person participate or refuse to take part in a lawful political activity (Victorian Equal Opportunity Human Rights Commission, 2007, What does ‘political beliefs and activities mean? section, para. 1). â€Å"The person engages in or refuses or fails to engage in a particular religious activity† (Section 8(2)). In a major research of Cruz et al. (2010), in the United States, many people use activity as a form of coping with life stresses. Over half of American population ranked the religions importance very high in their lives, attent religious activities regularly and pray daily. â€Å"The person engages in immoral conduct† (Section 8(2)). As an example, incest is defined as any sexuality between closely related people usually within an immediate family, which is either illegal or social taboo (Incest, 2009, Definition section, para. 1) â€Å"The person engages in illegal conduct† (Section 8(2)). Criminality is â€Å"specifically not a medical or psychiatric term, diagnosis, illness, or syndrome. The term refers to a pattern of human behavior or a specific act violating a law† (Menaster, 2008, introduction section, para. 1). â€Å"The person is intellectual disable† (Section 8(2)). Intellectual disability is a developmental disorder which affect almost one per cent of the population, where people have significantly more difficulty than others in understanding concepts and solving problems. It is not a mental illness (Government of South Australia, p.1) â€Å"The person takes drugs or alcohol† (Section 8(2)). Alcohol usually refers to drinks such as beer, wine, or spirits containing ethyl alcohol a substance that can cause drunkenness and changes in consciousness, mood, and emotions. Its effects lead to so many accidents, injuries, diseases, and disruptions in the family life of everyday Australians (Australia Government, para. 1). However, alcohol abuse should be consider mental illness. â€Å"The person has an antisocial personality† (Section 8(2)). The person expresses anti-social behaviour includes abusive or noisy neighbors, littering and graffiti (Directgov, para. 1) Question 11. (10 marks) An involuntary patient is found dead in a seclusion room by you? What is a reportable death and what are the responsibilities of the registered nurse? Coroners Act (2008) defined reportable death is a particular category of death which is investigated by a coroner according to the Act and it is considered reportable if it meets one the following criteria: The body, the death or the cause of death of the person is founded in Victoria. The person ordinarily stayed in Victoria when death occurs with unnatural, unexpected and resulted from a direct or indirect injury or accident. The death happen during or after following a medical procedure and this was not expected by the registered medical practitioner before the procedures operation. The identity of the death person is not known. The medical practitioner himself or herself has not signed or not likely to sign a death certificate. Death occurred outsite Victoria and the cause is not certified. The death of a person influenced under the Mental Health Act 1986 or under controlled, cared or custody of the Secretary to the Deparment of Justice or a member of the police force. Death of person who is subject to non-custodial supervision order under section 26 of the Crimes (Mental Impairment and unfitness to be Tried) Act 1997 (Coroners Act, 2008). In the context of a patient found is death in a seclusion room, registered nurses division 1 or division 3 (Division 2 nurses are excluded) can ‘verify death since the law do not inhibit them for taking this role. ‘Verify death means competently undertake a clinical assessment of the death body to establish death has occurred (Victoria Government, 2009, p. 1). As guideline in Victoria Government (2004), the dead body should be disturbed as little as possible and the nurse is to inform the authorised psychiatrist and next of kin or carer of the death. The States Coroners Office is mean to be contacted for all reportable deaths occurred under the Coroner Act 1985. After copying the clinical record, the registered nurse is able to send the original or any other materials requested to the Coroner. The nursing staffs involved should provide appropriate and adequate support and debriefing to people affected by the death such as family, friends, staffs and those who have witnessed the death (Victoria Government, 2004, procedure to be followed in the event of a reportable death, para. 5). In case of patient died because of violence or suicide, chef psychiatrist needs to be notified on the day of the death and staff involve in the death should conduct a clinical review of the persons treatment and management (Victoria Government, 2004, procedure to be followed in the event of a reportable death, para. 6-9). Question 12. (10 marks) List the Axis contained within the DSM-IV (TR) and provide details of the focus of each including an example of a diagnosis that might be found on each of the Axis. Axis I Clinical Disorders Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of clinical Attention American Psychiatric Association (APA) of 2000 stated that Axis I focus on all the conditions and various disorders included in the Classification except for mental retardation and personality disorders. An example of this is schizophrenia. Axis II Personality Disorders Mental Retardation In a study by APA (2000), Axis II reports personality disorders and mental health retardation and also used for noting prominent maladaptive personality features and defense mechanisms. Personality disorders and mental retardation are listed in separated axis to ensure consider given to the presence of these two that might otherwise be overlooked when attention is directed to the more usual axis. For instance, borderline personality disorder is included in axis II. Axis III General Medical Conditions This one describes general current medical conditions which are potentially related to the understanding or management of individuals mental disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Axis IV Psychological and Environmental Problems In a major study (APA, 2000), Axis IV is identified for reporting psychosocial and environmental problems that are likely to affect the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of mental disorders classified within Axis I and Axis II. A psychosocial and environmental problem is possibly a negative life event, a familiar or other interpersonal stress, lack or inadequate of social assistance pr personal resources or other problem related to the context where a persons difficulties have developed. In addition, psychosocial is possibly developed as a result of a persons psychopathology or may constitute problems that are considered in the overall management plan (APA, 2010). For instance, problems with primary support group. Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning APA (2010) suggested that Axis V is used for reporting the clinicians judgment regarding a persons overall function level. This is helpful for planning treatment and measuring its impacts, also predicting the outcomes. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale is used as an appropriated choice in order to report the overall functioning of Axis V. In a research by APA (2010), this scale is rated respectably among psychological, social, occupational functioning and is not applied to impairment in functioning because of physical or environmental limitations. For example, GAF = 12 indicate some dangers of hurting self or others (e.g. frequently violent.) or occasional fails to maintain personal hygiene (e.g. smear faeces.) or gross impairment in communication (e.g. largely incoherent or mute) (APA, 2010). Question 13. (30 marks) Search the world wide web for Hildergaurd Peplau and do a search for her publication. Write at least 4 pages about her life, her theoretical frameworks, her publications and her major contributions to Mental Health Nursing. Life Hildergaurd Peplau was born in Reading, Pennsylvania , and in the year of 1909. She is the second child and middle daughter of immigrant parents who are an authoritarian father and a dedicated but emotionally remote mother preserving in a difficult marriage with the comfort of music and religion, and more acceptable in her time and place by immersing herself in baking and meticulous home making (Callaway, 2002). During childhood, Peplau was a child with intellectual curiosity, but stifled and physically abused by her domineering mother. The occur of World War I made her family even more difficult along with persecution form their neighbous due to their German immigrant roots †¦Cite. Her chosen nursing career had little to do with the idea of providing care for sick people. In Reading, she had worked as a bookkeeper, store clerk and payroll clerk while finishing courses at a business school and graduating as class valedictorian in 1928. Hildergard Peplau herself did not work in hospital or as private-nursing duty after successfully completing her nursing training. On the other hand, she found and a job as a staff nurse at Vermonts new elite but progressively to Bennington College. Callaway (2002) stated that because of her great impressive work, the college president decided to suspend admission requirement and admit Peplau for a degree course major in psychology. During World War II, Peplau enlisted into the U.S Army Nurse Corps and was posted to a psychiatric hospital in England with the purpose of treating scarred the soldiers and those with battle-fatigue sent back from the front lines (Callaway, 2002). She was always at the center of conflict and usually endured great personal hardship. She earned the nursing diploma, baccalaureate, masters and doctoral degrees and ultimately rose to the top of her profession. Unfortunate y, she was disappointed by the lack of vision among co-workers and repeatedly betrayed by professional friends and sabotaged by the nursing leaders. Consequently, she decided to retired in 1974 from the faculty Rudgers University and sadden that all her years effort had seemingly come to naught. During the 25 years between the retirement from Rudgers University and her death in 1999, â€Å"She was awarded no less than nine honorary doctorates and was honored by the American Nurses Association with the establishment of the Peplau Hildegard Award, recognizing continuous contribution to the nursing profession† (Callaway, 2002, p. 2). In addition, she received both the nursing highest honors that are the Christiane Reimann Prize and the only nurse so recognised within â€Å"Fifty Great Americans† designated by Marquis Whos Who in 1997. Within her lifetime, she also earned the celebrity of being acknowledged by the American Academy of Nursing as a â€Å"Living Legend and an unofficial designation recognised by the University of California at Los Angeles as â€Å"Psychiatric Nurse of the Century†. However, her lifes story is not well known in nursing professional. Hildegard Peplaus professional life included: 6 years of general and private-duty nursing, 7 years as a student and the nurse in charge at the health service at Bennington College, 3 years in the Army Nurse Corps, 5 years at Teachers College of Columbia University, 1 year as a practicing therapist, 20 years as a professor at Rudgers University, and 1 year as Execituve Director and 2 years as President of the American Nurses Association the only person ever to serve in both positions. (Callaway, 2004, p. 6) Theoretical Frameworks Peplau had shown her theoretical framework for psychodynamic nursing in a manuscripts entitled Interpersonal Relations in Nursing which is published in 1952. It defined elements that are person, environment, health and nursing, and discussed about phases of the interpersonal process between nurse and patient. She also revealed variety in nurses role during the course of contact (Landry, 2009). In a recent studies of Alice Landry (2009), phases of the interpersonal process according to Peplaus theory consist of four sequential phase that are orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. There are related factors influence the orientation component of the experience such as personal values, cultures, beliefs, expectations and past related incidents. Role of nurses as described theatrically by Peplau are stranger, teacher, resourse person, counselor, surrogate and leader. Secondary roles play included technical expert, mediatoe, safety agent, researcher, tutor, and manager of environment. Publicati

Planet Comparison- Uranus and Neptune :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planet Comparison Report Uranus:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uranus was discovered in 1781 by Sir William Herschel. He at first wanted to name the planet Sidus Georgium which is latin for George’s star after the king of England. Another astronomer Johann Bode advised Herschel against it and suggested instead that he use a name from Greco-Roman mythology like all other planets. So Uranus was given its name which is the father of Saturn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uranus is one of the Jovian planets and like the others it has a short rotation period. Uranus’s day is 17.2 hours. Its revolution around the sun however is slightly more than 84 years. It is the seventh planet from the sun at a distance of 1.78 billion miles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uranus is about 4 times the diameter of earth at 46,700km. Its mass is 15 times that of earth at 8.68*10 kg. The axial tilt of this planet is one of the most unusual things about it. It is tilted 98 degrees which classifies it as being in retrograde rotation. Uranus is also unique because it has the most inclined magnetic field. The surface magnetic field is 74 percent that of the earth. The surface gravity on Uranus is 8.87 m/s ².   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The atmosphere of Uranus is thick with a lot of hydrogen, helium, and methane. It has a very low density, the mean density is 1271 kg/m ³. Uranus lacks any really significant internal heat source and it mean surface temperature is 58 ° K.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To date Uranus has been found to have 21 satellites four of which have yet to be named and 11 rings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  News Articles: From: Regulatory Intelligence Data. Title: Release 99-47 Huge Spring Storms Rouse Uranus From Winter Hibernation Date: 03/29/99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NASA’s Hubble Space telescope showed that for the first time seasonal changes on Uranus. From: ScienceNOW Title: New moon for Uranus Date: 05/19/99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A new moon was discovered for Uranus that had previously been overlooked for 13 years. As of 1999 this discovery brought the total of Uranus’s satellites to 18. Neptune:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neptune was discovered through a discrepancy in Uranus’s orbit. Uranus’s orbit was not moving how astronomers predicted it would. They could not find an elliptical orbit that fit Uranus’s trajectory. They therefore assumed that there had to be another planet that’s gravitational pull was effecting Uranus. Johann Galle was the first to find Neptune in 1846, even though many before him had mathematically predicted where this new planet would be. The planet was named Neptune and two astronomers who had predicted mathematically where it would be are credited with finding it not Galle. Planet Comparison- Uranus and Neptune :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planet Comparison Report Uranus:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uranus was discovered in 1781 by Sir William Herschel. He at first wanted to name the planet Sidus Georgium which is latin for George’s star after the king of England. Another astronomer Johann Bode advised Herschel against it and suggested instead that he use a name from Greco-Roman mythology like all other planets. So Uranus was given its name which is the father of Saturn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uranus is one of the Jovian planets and like the others it has a short rotation period. Uranus’s day is 17.2 hours. Its revolution around the sun however is slightly more than 84 years. It is the seventh planet from the sun at a distance of 1.78 billion miles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uranus is about 4 times the diameter of earth at 46,700km. Its mass is 15 times that of earth at 8.68*10 kg. The axial tilt of this planet is one of the most unusual things about it. It is tilted 98 degrees which classifies it as being in retrograde rotation. Uranus is also unique because it has the most inclined magnetic field. The surface magnetic field is 74 percent that of the earth. The surface gravity on Uranus is 8.87 m/s ².   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The atmosphere of Uranus is thick with a lot of hydrogen, helium, and methane. It has a very low density, the mean density is 1271 kg/m ³. Uranus lacks any really significant internal heat source and it mean surface temperature is 58 ° K.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To date Uranus has been found to have 21 satellites four of which have yet to be named and 11 rings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  News Articles: From: Regulatory Intelligence Data. Title: Release 99-47 Huge Spring Storms Rouse Uranus From Winter Hibernation Date: 03/29/99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NASA’s Hubble Space telescope showed that for the first time seasonal changes on Uranus. From: ScienceNOW Title: New moon for Uranus Date: 05/19/99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A new moon was discovered for Uranus that had previously been overlooked for 13 years. As of 1999 this discovery brought the total of Uranus’s satellites to 18. Neptune:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neptune was discovered through a discrepancy in Uranus’s orbit. Uranus’s orbit was not moving how astronomers predicted it would. They could not find an elliptical orbit that fit Uranus’s trajectory. They therefore assumed that there had to be another planet that’s gravitational pull was effecting Uranus. Johann Galle was the first to find Neptune in 1846, even though many before him had mathematically predicted where this new planet would be. The planet was named Neptune and two astronomers who had predicted mathematically where it would be are credited with finding it not Galle.

Current Ethical Issues Essay

The Baderman Island Resort first opened in 2004 and is managed by the Boardman Management Group. Baderman Island features three different hotels and caters to both business and pleasure. The food is amazing and the 24 hour room service is even better. Along with housing and dinning Baderman Island offers plenty of activities to keep families busy having fun or to help the stressed businessman relax. On the Baderman Island Resort you will get to choose from three different hotels that are need specific. The first would be the Baderman Main Hotel. Here you can find good food and great lodging for you and your family. The Tenney hotel caters to more grown up tastes and is suited for romantic get-a-ways for you and your special someone. The last hotel is the Melancon Convention Center and Hotel which is more business orientated with a conference room that can hold up to 300 people. You can find packaging rates and catering options on the website. Each of the hotels feature large luxuriou s rooms and beds along with internet hookups, a wall safe, 24 hour room service, a mini-bar, and on- site managers available to help you with any of your needs. Along with great lodging Baderman Island Resort has five restaurants for you to choose from. If you are in the mood for something light you can check out the Baderman Island Cafà © or the Beverly Cafà ©. For something more filling check out the Morgan Bistro, the Kayfe, and the Tenney @ Night. All of the dinning at Baderman Island is freshly prepared and reasonably priced. Baderman Island is managed by the Boardman Management Group which has been in operation since 1994. The mission of the Boardman Management Group is â€Å"Founded in 1994, Boardman Management Group is dedicated to managing leisure and convention focused resorts that provide a unique and quality experience to guests and visitors. The Board of Directors and operational leaders in the organization, empowers its staff to offer unsurpassed quality of customer service, through individual acts of random kindness and specialty  services.† (â€Å"Boardman Management Group†, 2012). The responsibilities of the Boardman Management Group within the Baderman Island Resort are regulatory, finance and accounting, legal, marketing, IT services, and the entire human resources department. The organizational flow of Baderman Island is rather simple and easy to follow. You have your board of directors, chairperson of the board, your CEO, and your director of human resources management. Under the CEO is the Boardman Management Group and the vice president of guest services. The Boardman Management Group is responsible for regulatory, finance and accounting, legal, marketing, IT services. The vice president of guest services is responsible for the GM hotel, GM convention, GM food services, GM merchandise, and GM recreational. Under the GM support services there is security, logistics, engineering, emergency services, and guest relations. The employee services of the Baderman Island Resort feature an employee log in section of the website where employees can view memos and policy updates regarding the resort. Employees also have access to an employee only blog where they can post comments and suggest ideas; any HR issues should not be posted on the blog. Employees also have access to the different organization management charts for each division of the hotel. By having access to these charts employees can look up who their boss is and also follow up the management chain. One of the biggest moral and ethical issues facing the Baderman Island Resort is their destruction of the local forests and wildlife. Baderman Island Resort spans out over 1800 acres with 750 acres being fully developed. Baderman Island also has plans to develop the remaining acres by building a casino and expanding their botanical garden. If Baderman Island Resort wasn’t an island the destruction of habitats wouldn’t be such an ethical issue. Baderman is pushing wildlife out of the way to make room for the resort and eventually the wildlife will have nowhere to go. Another moral and ethical issue surrounding Baderman Island Resort is that of these customer service and well-being. There is the constant worry of  guests wandering off the trails and getting lost and hurt. Also there doesn’t seem to be any emergency health care located on the island. What is the plan if a guest is critically injured and needs medical help? Along with health and safety Baderman needs to work on their customer service for their international customers. Baderman has made mention that they are in the process of hiring more employees that can speak different languages in order to lessen the language barrier. Does this mean that Baderman will be laying off employees that don’t speak multiple languages to keep payroll from going over budget? Baderman Island Resort is a true paradise and a wonderful place to go to relax. There are a few issues that need to be addressed if Baderman is to be 100% successful in their industry. References * Baderman Island. (2012). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/BadermanIsland/internet/index.asp * Boardman Management Group. (2012). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/BoardmanManagementGroup/internet/index.asp * Trevino, L., & Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Kids and VIolence essays

Kids and VIolence essays Violence on Television: How It Affects Todays Youth My partner and I are both seniors attending High School. This upcoming summer will be my third year life guarding at the Columbian Swim Club, in Union. My partner has worked in the building next door, the Boys s youth. Part II Statement of the Problem Anthony and I came up with a problem that concerns many parents. It seems as though violence plays a role in the lives of many people. Even innocent children are affected by the negative things that go on in the huge world we live in. Television violence is often overlooked because of its ability to retain childrens attention. Countless mothers and fathers put their children in front of the television so they can have time to themselves. As a result, the kids are subjected to unnecessary media violence. Anthony and I feel as thought this violence has a great effect on the childrens lives. We decided to further investigate this hypothesis. We presented 45 kids, ranging from ages 6 through 15, with a short questionnaire regarding the television shows they watch. The age categories were broken down into three groups. These were ages 6-9, ages 10-12, and ages 13-15. The purpose of this was to find if age had anything to do with the results. The questions asked the children what their favorite TV show is, if they stop doing school work to watch TV, if they act violent towards their friends and family, and if they prefer happy shows or sad shows. The questionnaire was anonymous so that the children would answer honestly. We were hoping to find some sort of connectio ...

Anne of Cleves

Anne of Cleves Dates: born September 22, 1515 (?), died July 16, 1557Married Henry VIII of England on January 6, 1540, divorced (annulled) July 9, 1540 Known for: safely divorcing from Henry and surviving Also known as: Anna von JÃ ¼lich-Kleve-Berg Ancestry: Like each of the wives of Henry VIII, as well as Henry himself, Anne could claim descent from Englands King Edward I. Father: John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves (died 1538) (he was a descendent of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy)Mother: Maria of JÃ ¼lich-BergBrother: William the Rich, Duke of JÃ ¼lich-Cleves-BergSister: Sybille, married to John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, Champion of the Reformation Anne was, as a young child, unofficially betrothed to Francis, heir to the Duke of Lorraine. About Anne of Cleves Jane Seymour, Henry VIIIs beloved third wife, had died. France and the Holy Roman Empire were forging an alliance. Though Jane Seymour had given birth to a son, Henry knew that he needed more sons to ensure the succession. His attention turned towards a small German state, Cleves, which might prove a solid Protestant ally. Henry sent his court painter Hans Holbein to paint the portraits of the princesses Anne and Amelia. Henry selected Anne as his next wife. Soon after the wedding, if not before, Henry was looking once again for a divorce. He was attracted to Catherine Howard, the political basis for the match was no longer as strong a motivation since France and the Holy Roman Empire were no longer allies, and he found Anne both uncultured and unattractive he is said to have called her Mare of Flanders. Anne, fully aware of Henrys marital history, cooperated in an annulment, and retired from court with the title Kings Sister. Henry gave her Hever Castle, where he had wooed Anne Boleyn, as her home. Her position and fortune made her a powerful independent woman, though there was little opportunity to exercise such power in any public sphere. Anne befriended Henrys children, riding in the coronation of Mary with Elizabeth. Bibliography: Anne of Cleves: Fourth Wife of Henry VIII, Mary Saaler, 1995. This book covers Annes years after her divorce, as one of the most powerful and wealthy women in the world.The Marrying of Anne of Cleves : Royal Protocol in Early Modern England, Retha Warnike. 2000.The Six Wives of Henry VIII, by Alison Weir, 1993.The Wives of Henry VIII, Antonia Fraser, 1993.Letters of the Queens of England 1100-1547, Anne Crawford, editor, 1997. Includes Anne of Cleves.Holbein and the Court of Henry VIII: Drawings and Miniatures from the Royal Library Windsor Castle, Reto Niggl and Jane Roberts, 1997. Religion: Protestant (Lutheran)

Beer Game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beer Game - Essay Example The main probable causes of this phenomenon as seen in the graphs are inefficient policies in supply chain management, forecasting errors in consumer demands, and delays in processing information and orders. For example, if there is lack of communication within the supply chain, or at least between the directly interacting ladders, it causes magnification in discrepancy up to the maximum level as orders move upstream to the factories. Additionally, failure to accurately forecast demand increases causes the supply chain to run out of stock and fail to safeguard inventories. Moreover, delays in processing information and orders cause either product shortages or overabundance of stock. This results in increase in the operational costs of the teams. 2. There are several ways to correct these problems to reduce the costs of this bullwhip effect. One is the use of a supply chain management tool that allows customers to determine the inventory levels of supplying factories. This could resul t in an agreement between the vendors and consumers on the adequate amount of inventory based on buyer demands. This reduces the risk of inaccurate forecasting.

Ross-Cultural Awareness Impacts on Communication Skills Essay

Ross-Cultural Awareness Impacts on Communication Skills - Essay Example One culture might have different meanings than another. In these regards, they are not trying to be disrespectful, yet may be perceived as such. I also believe cultural awareness will help me develop strategies and create much more effective advertisements for my company. Some words and jokes might not be easily translated and sometimes you may need to adapt your marketing policy or modify your product to that region. Trompenaar noted that understanding cultural differences gives clues about how people solve their problems. With proper knowledge you can see opportunities in the area and expand your business. Cross-cultural awareness removes the barriers between people and provides healthier relationships. With knowledge of verbal cultural differences, I hope to communicate with people from different ethnic backgrounds more efficiently. When I’m communicating with people, I need to choose my words more sensibly to not offend them. Another point with this knowledge is that I wil l become more tolerant with people because I will know that they are not trying to be disrespectful or arrogant; it is part of their culture. As communication largely occurs through verbal elements, I believe that gaining an increased understanding of different languages will in-turn contribute to greater amounts of cultural understanding. The improvement of this cultural understanding will then extend to areas that are not simply linked to language, but also will include a more comprehensive recognition of the deep and meaningful elements.