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Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter

Crime, Murder and Manslaughter Crime, Murder and Manslaughter Crime, Murder and Manslaughter By Maeve Maddox At the point when the clinical inspector on a TV dramatization declared that a demise had been governed a crime, I used to think manslaughter was equivalent to kill. I presently realize that the words are not equal. Murder is the executing of an individual by another person. The word gets from the Latin compound homicida, which joins homo (man) with the action word caedere (to execute). Contingent on conditions, a manslaughter might possibly be viewed as murder. The assortment of state and national laws makes it hard to append explicit definitions to words that speak to the various types of manslaughter. What follows is a general treatment of these terms. Murder: the conscious and unlawful slaughtering of an individual. In British law, no degrees of blame are perceived in murder. US law recognizes â€Å"first degree† and â€Å"second degree† murder. What comprises these degrees, in any case, varies from state to state. Note: Murder is an expression of Germanic birthplace. In days of yore, when assaulting and blood quarrels were normal, the word murder indicated a killing done stealthily, instead of crimes done in the open with no endeavor at covering. First Degree Murder: a homicide that, in view of the conditions encompassing it, merits either capital or extreme discipline. Any planned slaughtering that includes arranging is first degree murder. Second Degree Murder: a malignant killing that was not planned. This sort of homicide isn't arranged, yet results from an irate encounter or from debased lack of concern to human life. One model is that of the neighbor who goes nearby only to gripe about a woofing hound yet wraps up by executing the dog’s proprietor. Another model would be that of a maker who finds that an item can cause passing, yet neglects to review it. Lawful offense Murder Doctrine: Any demise that happens during or results from the commission of a crime is first degree murder, and all members in the lawful offense can be accused of and seen as liable of first degree murder, regardless of whether just one of them really did the slaughtering. Murder: Etymologically, homicide is the English rendition of manslaughter. It gets from an Old English aggravate that consolidates man with the OE action word slaeht (demonstration of slaughtering). The Modern English action word kill is connected. In contrast to crime, which alludes when all is said in done to the demonstration of one individual executing another, murder alludes to unpremeditated slaughtering. Deliberate Manslaughter: the demonstration of murdering in the warmth of enthusiasm. The typical case of this is the man or lady who finds a companion in bed with another accomplice. Note: The contrast between deliberate homicide and second degree murder pivots upon incitement. With first degree murder, the executioner accompanied the goal to slaughter. With second degree murder, the executioner settled on the spot. In any case, the executing is viewed as malignant. The lawful reference book at Nolo clarifies that the charge of deliberate homicide is â€Å"a admission to human weakness.† The executing may have been purposeful, however the incitement was with the end goal that could deliver a comparable enthusiastic response in â€Å"any sensible person.† Automatic Manslaughter: the demonstration of executing somebody accidentally while occupied with a non-crime. For instance, executing somebody while driving carelessly is automatic homicide. A thief who, in shock at being interfered, lethally pushes somebody down the steps would presumably be accused of automatic homicide as long as he hasn’t carried a weapon to the theft. I rehash: These depictions are exceptionally broad. Anybody needing exact definitions must counsel a legal counselor and neighborhood rules. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)The Parts of a WordHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Guidelines For Writing Medical Case Studies

Guidelines For Writing Medical Case StudiesMedical case studies are short reports that present real life examples of certain diseases, procedures, and conditions to illustrate the negative effects of the same on patients and their families. Medical practitioners take advantage of this feature to gain an appreciation for the factors that lead to poor patient care. For example, it is not uncommon for doctors to use case studies as a way to demonstrate the advantages of particular treatments. Medical case studies are also used to illustrate the risks of not utilizing certain procedures or drugs.A medical case study can be comprised of more than one case. It may include one report that describes a different set of cases, although it will almost always focus on the results of the same procedure or condition. Case studies may be short or long, depending on the author's preference, but they should provide an adequate illustration of a specific problem.There are some specific guidelines that can help physicians in writing medical case studies. First, the cases should be representative of the general population that the illness affects. The same thing goes for the variables involved. While case studies have no specific category for patients or conditions, they can be classified into general or particular conditions. People suffering from kidney failure may have different medical needs than someone with back pain, and therefore case studies should show these differences.The report must also show the process of healing for each case. There should be a complete timeline of events leading up to the illness and its treatment. Specialists in the field of medicine often employ a more detailed timeline in their reports because it provides greater detail and makes it easier to spot changes in symptoms over time. Usually, these are the most fascinating parts of the report because they show how a person's immune system can adapt and recover even while it is being affected by the d isease.Medical case studies should also address the potential complications that patients may face. Many conditions cause serious and long-term health problems and therefore must be described in detail. Medical professionals should be careful not to simply summarize potential dangers without providing enough details.One of the best ways to describe these complications is through case studies. In fact, the best ones use a similar format. Like medical reports, the report begins with a brief introduction about the illness and describes how it usually affects the individual. Most of the cases are then categorized according to whether they are presenting as a symptom or complication. This makes it easier to understand what the report is trying to achieve.Then the report discusses the symptoms of the illness as well as the different situations in which the disease could occur. The next section covers the characteristics of the disease itself and its complications. There should be a detail ed explanation of the illness, as well as the ways it can affect a patient's family and other people around them.Finally, the report will discuss the patient's response to the disease affects. This should be the most comprehensive part of the report. The doctors must answer the question 'what would happen if this disease were to attack me?' in a very clear and precise manner.

Analysis Of William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily - 1526 Words

William Faulkner uses theme, imagery and symbolism to highlight the decline of the South in his short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† William Faulkner is the author of â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the story starts off at Emily’s funeral, and the whole town is there too. The men went out of respect for losing a person who had been a citizen of Jefferson for a long time, and the women went because they wanted to see what her house looked like because only a select few have seen it in the last couple decades. The rest of the story is her past, when she was living. In the beginning Ms. Emily gets a note from the townspeople to pay her taxes. She responds back with â€Å"I don’t go out anymore so I can’t tell you why I am not paying my taxes† (Section 1). The townspeople send a group of men to talk to her. When they get there, she responds to them by making them stand while they talk, as a way to get show that t hey are not welcome. So the townspeople talk and Emily says nothing until they run out of words. Then, she says, â€Å"I have no taxes in Jefferson† (Section 1). She thinks that she is above the law and that she can do whatever she wants. So she doesn’t pay her taxes because Colonel Sartoris said she did not have to. In the next part, Faulkner goes even further back in Emily’s past, about thirty years. The townspeople had a problem with her back then because when they went by her house it smelled really bad. But the townspeople did not want to go up to her andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily 1099 Words   |  5 PagesNora Del Bosque†¨ Comp II†¨ O’Connell†¨Paper #2 â€Å"Deceiving Looks† In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner tells the story of an sad and lonely lady, stuck in her time. Because her father died, she never fully recovered from it and was not able to find herself. Emily’s house was in the past was considered elegant and was built on the best street in town in the 1870’s. Now the house is old and an unattractive building to the neighborhood. People in her town begin to bad mouth her because of her lostRead MoreAnalysis Of William Faulkner s Rose For Emily 876 Words   |  4 PagesHassan Abdi ENGL-1302 Mrs. Escamilla Sep/16/2015 Money in Rose for Emily William Faulkner was an amazing writer and at his time was the voice of American literature. He wrote a lots of books, novels, and short stories. Most of his readers loved his writing style so much that they tried to turn it to movies, but it is not an easy job to turn William Faulkner’s writings to a movie. Stories can be turned to movies but it is very important for the producers to be able to cover all the material andRead MoreA Rose for Emily889 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Sometimes a Rose is Not a Rose: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, the negative impact of Emily’s upbringing by an overprotective father, leads to incredible pattern in her life and the obvious mental illness that takes over as she not so graciously ages. While written in five sections, the first and last section is written in present time, and the three middle sectionsRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1682 Words   |  7 PagesLyons Professor Amy Green Writing about Literature COM1102 Oct. 06, 2015 William Faulkner s A Rose for Emily is a short story that has also been adapted into a short film; both have been largely debated. Faulkner’s lack of a normal chronology and situation-triggered memories generates a story that has many understandings among its readers, but surprises everyone at the end. When asked about the title of his story, Faulkner said, [The title] was an allegorical title; the meaning was, here was aRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national magazine. The story involved an old woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreEssay on Prose Analysis â€Å"a Rose for Emily† William Faulkner1085 Words   |  5 PagesProse Analysis â€Å"A Rose for Emily† William Faulkner The two female cousins came at once. They held the funeral on the second day, with the town coming to look at Miss Emily beneath a mass of bought flowers, with the crayon face of her father musing profoundly above the bier and the ladies sibilant and macabre; and the very old men --some in their brushed Confederate uniforms--on the porch and the lawn, talking of Miss Emily as if she had been a contemporary of theirs, believing that they hadRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1326 Words   |  6 PagesA Rose For Emily Fiction Analysis English Literature Essay In A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner tells the story of an old and lonely lady stuck in her own timeframe. Her controlling father died some thirty years ago and she has never quite found her own ground. Her house has become the most hideous looking home on the once most select street in the city. Previously elegant and white with scrolled balconies, it was now encroached with dust and decay. The people in Miss Emily s city gossip aboutRead More The Role of the Watch in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of the Watch in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Even the casual reader of William Faulkner will recognize the element of time as a crucial one in much of the writers work, and the critical attention given to the subject of time in Faulkner most certainly fills many pages of criticism. A goodly number of those pages of criticism deal with the well-known short story, A Rose for Emily. Several scholars, most notably Paul McGlynn, have worked to untangle the confusing chronologyRead MoreAnalysis Of Katherine Mansfield s Miss Brill 1633 Words   |  7 Pagesleads individuals to discover particular similarities and contrasts between them, Katherine Mansfield s short story Miss Brill makes for a fascinating correlation to William Faulkner s short story A Rose For Emily. Although both stories appear to be not so alike, the connections they impart are of substantially more value. The distinctions in social contribution between Miss Brill and Emily Grierson can t exceed the similarities in their absence of social and emotional lives and their shocking

The World of Fiction - 666 Words

The World of Fiction The fiction is a literary genre which through shaping the character, narrating story, and describing the environment to reflect life, to express ideas. It uses the narrators language to expand the themes and express thoughts and feelings. It is the reflection of art and performance of the social life. Fiction can reflect specific social phenomenon by creating a significant character. Hawthorne shows us all kinds of social phenomena in the society and a variety of characters, especially in his own work Rappaccini’s Daughter to develop a lifelike image of women. He explored through the interpretation of their respective fates, women with a variety of personality types living in a variety of†¦show more content†¦Throughout this short story, conflict between morality and betrayal is always exists. The comparison between two characters formal life and the secret meetings reflects that they struggled with themselves. That is, until Gurov finds true love, along with Ann a. Love changes who they are, their motivations, and then they begin to realize things. Fiction can use the relationship between characters to show that how things have been changed. Joyces short story Eveline was the advent between adolescence and maturity. It preceded the womens suffrage in Ireland by four years, the storys protagonist and title character, Eveline, is largely affected by the feminist issues of the time period. These feminist ideas are illustrated through Evelines relationships with her family and boyfriend, as well the societal expectations, and her duties and obligations. Looking at James Joyces Eveline from a feminist viewpoint, the oppression of women during the twentieth century Dublin setting is illustrated in the text through Evelines relationship with her family, her lover, society, and the obligations she has as a young single woman. Compared to other literary genre, the fictions larger capacity can show detailed personality and fate of the characters, can be expressed in a complex conflict, and also can describe the characters social living environment. The advantage of the fiction can provide a whole, broad background of social life. The three elements,Show MoreRelatedThe Gritty World Of Crime Fiction1520 Words   |  7 PagesIn the gritty world of crime fiction, a detective must be prepared to face any number of gruesome and impossible challenges that come with living in the traditional urban landscape. One of the most difficult challenges is the detective’s never ending fight to keep control in a chaotic society, and a serious threat to that authority is the ever dangerous temptation of the women in his life. Crime fiction uses a division of female sexuality to take power from the women of the novel and give it to theRead MoreFiction Or Reality : All Too Familiar World Of The Speculative Fiction Novel s Of Margret Atwood1319 Words   |  6 PagesFiction or Reality Hailey Patton Block 2 Mrs. Schiller April 10, 2015 In an all too familiar world of the speculative fiction novels of Margret Atwood best known for The Handmaids Tale and Oryx and Crake ,Which lead to the discovery that these tales of a dystopian world and one of love and adventure seem to hit a little too close to home and bring out emotions that may have been dormant. There is no doubt that she is a brilliant writer, but the question that runs through my mind is, which one isRead MoreThe Start of the New World: A Narrative Fiction Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfast flight of minnow. Swallowed by whales, slugs and sea stars, it kept hidden. Until now. Wed turned a corner and Id missed it. Id thought Armageddon was begun by a bomb or earthquakes. Maybe even a rising sea of melted ice caps from across the world. The greenhouse effect? We’re made to fail anyway, eventually. This is how I know I lived before; I dream it. There are white curtains that flap and shudder from the wind. The dawn colors them pastel peach, violet, and blue. I could smell trees andRead MoreAmerican Short Fiction And World Story By Alan Cheuse Essay2285 Words   |  10 PagesThe article â€Å"American Short Fiction and World Story† by Alan Cheuse compares the old tales to the modern short story. To start the article he talks about the old type of stories by famous writer Homer. Here talks about how these books are written by the culture of the time. With that being said, he makes the assumption that the old time tales are only applicable to the time in history they were written. This is pretty obvious because in today’s world we rarely see the events that happened in suchRead MoreThe New World Acts As A Historical Fiction Account Of The Start Of Jamestown1334 Words   |  6 PagesTerrence Malick’s film The New World acts as a historical fiction account of t he start of Jamestown. Although this is based on real events, Malick took some liberties, including his use of nature in relation to culture. While both cultures adapt to the nature around them, the Native Americans in Malick’s film work with nature while the Anglo-Americans try to control it. In â€Å"Nature and the Will to Power in Malick’s New World,† author Iain Macdonald seems to believe that cultural differences onlyRead MoreReading Fiction Is A Common Pastime That Is Enjoyed By People All Over The World1132 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 2017 Fantastic Fiction Reading fiction is a very common pastime that is enjoyed by people all over the world. However, it is unbeknownst to many of these avid readers that reading impacts them in many important ways, aside from simply providing an escape from the real world every now and then. The experience of fictional narratives may provide people with a distraction from daily life and possibly initiate intellectual inspiration (Bal et.al. N.P.). Reading fiction can impact one’s dailyRead MoreElements of the Authors World Present in Utopian Fiction Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscovers that they have a very different culture from his. By using the failings of Erewhonian society, the author draws the readers attention to flaws of his own society. This device is used in other works studied this semester, by creating a world that is not completely different from the authors own in an effort to make society realize its faults. Thomas Mores Utopia is similar to Erewhon because it makes comm entary on certain social issues of his time, disguised as a story about a differentRead MoreNon-Fiction Essay How Soccer Explains the World an Unlikely Theory of Globalization3688 Words   |  15 PagesGlobalization, â€Å"The Sport† Soccer, the most popular sport in the world that has brought cities and nations together can be used as a metaphor to show how the world has grown together over time. Soccer, more commonly known as â€Å"The Beautiful Game† or â€Å"The World Game.† When the world stops for 90 minutes to witness that one thing we all understand, this is soccer. Soccer was first Recorded during the second and third centuries B.C. in China, where people would kick balls into small nets. The footballRead MoreExplore the Role of Religion in Dystopian Fiction with Regards to the Children of Men and Brave New World.2044 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Religion plays a key role in dystopian fiction.† With reference to The Children of Men and Brave New World, how far do you agree with this statement? Sixty years separate the publication of the dystopias The Children of Men and Brave New World, but both authors express their depictions of a future world in which religion is drastically changed, and not for the better. Religion and spirituality serve a number of purposes in the two novels, most notably to illustrate the difference between ourRead MoreDarko Suvins Metamorphoses of Science Fiction Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesGenre of Science Fiction In Darko Suvin’s â€Å"Metamorphoses of Science Fiction,† Suvin argues that science fiction should be considered its own literary genre. The reason he believes science fiction is distinct from other literary genres is because of its transforming aspects. Suvin describes science fiction as the literature of â€Å"cognitive estrangement,† which includes a â€Å"novum†. It is his belief that both cognition and estrangement must be both present and interactive in science fiction. Although it

Legal Writing and Research Communication Law Drugs Act 1975

Question: Discuss about the Legal Writing and Research Communication Law Drugs Act 1975. Answer: The proposed amendment draft is the principal act of Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. The primary objective of the proposed amendment is to legalize the usage of cannabis oil for medicinal purposes. The proposed amendment bill shall be called the Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Cannabis Oil Medicinal Use Act 2016. In New Zealand, the New Zealand Parliament has the authority to amend that already existing statutes and Acts. However, in order to amend any Act in New Zealand , the Ministers of the Parliament have to initiate the process by drafting an amending Bill which details out all the relevant sections of the principal Act which are intended to be changed, along with the primary purpose of why the said amendments are required to be implemented. Additionally, the draft bill also has to mention any changes which are to be brought about in any other act as a result of the said amendments (Boyle, 2000). Therefore, to draft an amending bill in New Zealand, the following points are to be incorporated in the amendment bill:- The most important and the first point in a draft amendment bill have to be the name of the Act, which is proposed to be amended. Thus, in the present case, the draft amendment bill needs to mention that it proposes to amend the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 in New Zealand. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 is a statute in New Zealand which is a drug-control statute which classified different types of drugs into three categories or group depending on their potential risk of harm and loss to human life (British Medical Association, 2014). The next important point which requires mention in a draft amendment bill for a statute or an Act in New Zealand is the new proposed title of the amending Act. In the present case, the draft amendment bill is to be called Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Cannabis Oil Medicinal Use Act 2016. As the purpose of drafting an amendment bill is to bring about certain changes in the principal Act which are Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, the draft amendment bill should state the title of the amendment to make it clear when and what exactly is being amended the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 The Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 is a drug control statute in New Zealand where drugs are divided into groups depending on the risk to human life they possess on consumption. Thus, under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, cannabis is a Group B drug which is mentioned in Schedule 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. Schedule 2 along with Section 29B prohibits the production of cannabis including cannabis oil in any other form except for plant material. Cannabis oil is a sticky, thick liquid substance which is prepared from cannabinoids like THC and CBD, which are obtained from the cannabis plants (Caulkins et al., 2012). After detailing out the primary object for which the amendment is proposed, the next point in a draft amendment bill should state the primary objective of why the said amendment should be implemented. Thus, in the present case, the primary purpose of the said amending bill is to proposed amendments to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 to legalize the medicinal use of cannabis oil. Although cannabis is a drug which can cause addiction and harmful consequences if regularly consumed, however, there are many benefits of using the same drug as a medicine. In the said draft amendment bill, section 6 and 7 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 state that the dealing and possessing of any drugs mentioned under any of the three groups in the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 is an offense. The said sections need to be amended to include an exception which highlights and permits the use of cannabis in oil form for medicinal purposes. Along with the amendment in these sections, the other section of 29B and Schedul e 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 also require amendments to be in line with legalizing the usage of cannabis oil for medicinal purposes. The next point in the draft amendment bill is to state the medicinal use of cannabis oil and how legalizing the same will be beneficial to the society at large. The cannabis oil has many medicinal uses and can cure some diseases including cancer. The cannabis oil has very strong medicinal properties to cure diabetes, Crohn's disease, chronic pain, anorexia, cancer, heart diseases, obesity, schizophrenia, stress and anxiety, obesity and epilepsy. Additionally, the use of cannabis oil helps in maintaining good eye sight, alters appetite, reduces pain, promotes heart conditions, protects skin and reduces the chances of cancer (Cho et al., 2005). After explaining in detail the many uses and benefits of the use of cannabis oil for medicinal purposes, the raft amendment bill should point out how the medicinal use of cannabis oil can be legalized. Thus, the draft amendment bill has to state what laws are to be made for production and selling cannabis oil for medicinal purposes only. Thus, legalizing cannabis oil strictly for medicinal use is the motive of the act. Therefore, it is important to discuss, how the cannabis oil is to be sold and purchased. Thus, in the present case, the draft amendment bill should propose to form a body which will be responsible to keep a check on how the cannabis oil is sold and purchased and strictly make laws for only medicinal use of cannabis oil (Currie De Waal 2013). In case, the draft amendment bill is legalized by the New Zealand Parliament, it will create the law which will legalize the use of cannabis oil for medicinal purposes, thus, strict laws will be made by Parliament under the new Amendment Act for production, selling, and purchasing of the said cannabis oil. The amendment bill should propose that the cannabis oil should be made available only at registered pharmacies and should be sold only on prescription. This is an important part of the draft amendment bill as legalizing cannabis oil for medicinal purposes without enacting a strict law on where and who can buy it will defeat the purpose of the entire amendment. Thus, the amendment should highlight the only medicinal use of cannabis oil (Fulford et al., 2013). The proposed amendment draft can suggest forming a statutory body to administer the law passed by the New Zealand Parliament to legalize the medicinal use of cannabis oil. The said body can regularly check whether the amendment laws are being followed. The draft amendment letter should also give a list of amendments which are to be made in other Acts if cannabis oil is legalized in New Zealand. For example, the Medicine Regulation 1984 in New Zealand requires pharmacies in New Zealand to have licenses to sell a certain type of drugs, thus, an amendment needs to be enacted in the said Part 8 of the Medicine Regulation 1984 to include the sale of cannabis oil at licensed pharmacy and only on prescription (Glavovic et al., 2010). Lastly, the draft amendment bill should incorporate an explanatory note which will help the ministers in the Parliament in New Zealand to have an overview of the entire draft amendment bill by reading the explanatory note attached to the draft amendment bill at the start (Gledhill et al., 2011). The front page of the amendment bill will be as follows:- Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Cannabis Oil Medicinal Use Act 2016 Title This Act is the Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Cannabis Oil Medicinal Use Act 2016 and is proposed to amend the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 in New Zealand (Vowles, 2014). Commencement This Act is to come into force on the date it receives Royal Assent. Purpose The primary purpose of the Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Cannabis Oil Medicinal Use Act 2016 is to legalize the medicinal use of cannabis oil in New Zeal and to amend the sections of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 to bring about the said changes. Interpretation Section 6 and 7 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 is proposed to be amendment to alter the section relating to dealing and possession of drugs in New Zealand. In section 3A of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, cannabis is classified in group B depending on the serious consequences of consumption the drugs. However, the section is proposed to incorporate the use of cannabis in oil form for medicinal purposes along with the scheduled (Zealand, 2010). Additionally, section 6 and 7 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 state that possessing and dealing of any controlled drug is an offence thus, the said section requires the use of cannabis oil for medicinal purposes to be added as an exception in the form of an amendment. Section 29 B of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 which discusses special provisions where offence relating to cannabis preparations alleged also required amendments to allow and permit the production of cannabis in oil form for medicinal purposes (Hall Degenhardt 2009). The Office of Parliamentary Counsel is regarded as the legal drafting office of New Zealand. The same is responsible for the following: Drafting the Government Bills of New Zealand and also the instruments of legislation. Making the publication of all the Acts, Bills and the instruments of legislations of New Zealand and such publication must be in the hard copy as well as in online. The Parliamentary Counsel Office, hereinafter referred to as PCO, is considered as a separate office under the Legislation Act of 2012. The control of the PCO is under the hands of the Attorney General of New Zealand. In the absence of the attorney general, the Prime Minister controls the PCO. The bills that affect the policy of the public but neither forms the part of the legislative program of the Government is entitled to be introduced by the members along with the ministers. But, the House possesses limited time to make the consideration of such bills. In order to keep the number of the Member bills within the capability of the House to make their consideration, the introduction of the ballot system was made. When eight member bills emerges before the House for the first time reading, there occurs a ballot. Every member has the ability to have no more than one bill in every ballot (Hall Pacula 2013). On every second Wednesday of the schedule of the House is set aside for the debate of the member bills and passing of those bills in case they possess the support of the House. But in the practical world, the truth is that the member bills do not often get passed. The Government of New Zealand may agree to make the support of a member bill and also make the drafting and advisory services that are available during the passage of such bill. The Member bills can either have an impact on the legislative priorities of the Government of New Zealand (Norberg et al., 2012). The incorporation of the explanatory note helps to make the understanding of the policy objectives of any bill. The incorporation of the explanatory notes helps in improving the accessibility of the law by the fact of re-enacting the Interpretation Act of 1999 in the Legislation Act of 2012. It is done so that the rules regarding the legislation in New Zealand that are related with the enactment of statute by the parliament are in the same statute. The explanatory notes also enhance and improve the rules of interpretation that were incorporated in the Interpretation Act of 1999 for the help of the courts to reach to any particular decision. The third importance of the explanatory note is to encourage the production of the good quality legislations by making the availability of additional information about the legislation related with the scrutiny of that legislation (Hall Solowij 2010). Hence, it can be said that the explanatory note is required for bring out the additional information about any legislation and helps the judges to make the interpretation of the legislations. The explanatory note is must and compulsory for a bill as the explanatory note expressly provides the policies that the legislation seeks to achieve. Any bill passes through a number of stages prior to becoming the Act of the Parliament. The first stage of passing a bill is introduction of a bill. Any public bill is available to the public after its introduction. The process of introduction is regarded as an administrative one. In the stage of introduction the bill is later announced in the House of Parliament. No bill has a formal existence until it is introduced. In the stage of introduction, a bill is introduced and becomes available to the public. Any bill must contain an explanatory note as that sets out the objectives and aims that the legislation seeks to achieve. Every bill in New Zealand passes through the above-stated procedure. Any bill that is introduced in the Parliament gets through the above process in order to get passed. The Select Committee recommends the amendment in the bills. The Select Committee at the beginning makes the call of the public submission. Then the Committee makes the hearing of the evidences that are presented in the public submissions. Then the Committee makes a report that deals in details the recommendations of the amendments that are to be made in the bill. Then the bill is presented for second reading. In the second reading there held the debate regarding the recommendations that are made by the Select Committee. The bill can also be defeated in this stage. Then the bill emerges before the Committee of the Whole House. In this stage, the Deputy Speaker presides the committee. In this stage the bills gets divided into several smaller bills with certain new names and that depends on the principal Acts they named. The bills that gets divided includes the Amendment Bills (Miller, 2010). In case the bill gets referred to the Select Committee, the Committee normally has six months in order to report to the House, unless there is any other date that is prescribed by the House. The dates of reporting may be subject to extension in case it is found that greater time is needed for the Committee in making the consideration of the bill (Potter et al., 2011). The Select Committee makes the calling of the public submissions and the makes the hearing of the hearing of the evidences regarding those evidences. After making the hearing of the evidences, the Select Committee makes the recommendations regarding any amendments that are to be made in the bill. Such recommendation is to made to the House. The report of the Committee consists of the bill that is reprinted with the recommendation of the amendments that are to be made. It is accompanied a commentary of the Committee that consists of the narrative explanation of the recommendations and also includes the issues that are to be addressed (Room, 2010). It is considered that once the Select Committee makes the presentation of the report, the bill becomes available for the second time reading at any time after the expiry of the third sitting day after such presentation (Swain et al., 2010). Once a bill passes the first reading and is presented to the Select Committee, the Committee makes the provision for calling public submissions on the bill. The first thing that the Select Committee does is that it calls for the public submission. The Select Committee makes the hearing the evidences of the submissions of the public. The public submissions are made in the bill for taking the considerations of the public regarding the changes and alterations that are required in the bill. The public submission are invited in the recent years on regarding the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement Amendment Bill. The last date for the submission is the 22nd of July of 2016. The submissions are released in the public through the website of the Parliament (Samkin Schneider 2010). The Government has the program of making the law in order to act on its policies. As the part of such program, the Bills of the Government are made so that the Ministers are subject to introduction to the House. It is decided by the Government in what order the Government Bills will get considered in the House. The public submissions are also applicable in the case of the Government Bills (Schechner, 2013). Hence, it can be said public submissions are also adopted in the cases of the government bills. In the government bills special attention is given to the public submissions. It is because the primary objectives of the government is related with the public. Reference List Boyle, C. A. (2000). Solid waste management in New Zealand.Waste Management,20(7), 517-526. British Medical Association. (2014).Therapeutic uses of cannabis. CRC press. Caulkins, J. P., Hawken, A., Kilmer, B., Kleiman, M. (2012).Marijuana Legalization: What Everyone Needs to KnowRG. Oxford University Press. Cho, C. M., Hirsch, R., Johnstone, S. (2005). General and oral health implications of cannabis use.Australian Dental Journal,50(2), 70-74. Currie, I., De Waal, J. (2013).The bill of rights handbook. Juta and Company Ltd. Fulford, B., Morris, K., Sadler, J. Z., Stanghellini, G. (2013). Nature and narrative: an introduction to the new philosophy of psychiatry. Glavovic, B. C., Saunders, W. S. A., Becker, J. S. (2010). Land-use planning for natural hazards in New Zealand: the setting, barriers,burning issues and priority actions.Natural Hazards,54(3), 679-706. Keith, K. J. (2013). On the constitution of New Zealand: An introduction to the foundations of the current form of government.Introduction to Cabinet Office Cabinet Office Manual (Cabinet Office, Wellington, 1991)(subsequently updated and republished for the 2001 and 2008 editions of the Cabinet Manual). Gledhill, K., Ristau, J., Reyners, M., Fry, B., Holden, C. (2011). The Darfield (Canterbury, New Zealand) Mw 7.1 earthquake of September 2010: A preliminary seismological report.Seismological Research Letters,82(3), 378-386. Gray, A., Jenkins, B. (2013). Codes of accountability in the new public sector.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,6(3). Gray, A., Jenkins, B. (2014). Codes of accountability in the new public sector.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,6(3). Hall, W., Degenhardt, L. (2009). Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use.The Lancet,374(9698), 1383-1391. Hall, W., Pacula, R. L. (2013).Cannabis use and dependence: public health and public policy. Cambridge university press. Hall, W., Solowij, N. (2010). Adverse effects of cannabis.The Lancet,352(9140), 1611-1616. Keith, K. J. (2013). On the constitution of New Zealand: An introduction to the foundations of the current form of government.Introduction to Cabinet Office Cabinet Office Manual (Cabinet Office, Wellington, 1991)(subsequently updated and republished for the 2001 and 2008 editions of the Cabinet Manual). Mary Lynn Mathre, R. N. (Ed.). (2011).Cannabis in medical practice: A legal, historical and pharmacological overview of the therapeutic use of marijuana. McFarland. Miller, R. (2010).New Zealand government and politics. Oxford University Press. Norberg, M. M., Mackenzie, J., Copeland, J. (2012). Quantifying cannabis use with the timeline followback approach: a psychometric evaluation.Drug and alcohol dependence,121(3), 247-252. Potter, G. R., Bouchard, M., Decorte, T. (2011). The globalization of cannabis cultivation.World wide weed: Global trends in cannabis cultivation and its control, 1-20. Room, R. (2010).Cannabis policy: moving beyond stalemate. Oxford University Press, USA. Samkin, G., Schneider, A. (2010). Accountability, narrative reporting and legitimation: The case of a New Zealand public benefit entity.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,23(2), 256-289. Schechner, R. (2013).Performance studies: An introduction. Routledge. Swain, A. H., Hoyle, S. R., Long, A. W. (2010). The changing face of prehospital care in New Zealand: the role of extended care paramedics.NZ Med J,123(1309), 11-14. Vowles, J. (2014). The politics of electoral reform in New Zealand.International Political Science Review,16(1), 95-115. Zealand, S. N. (2010). Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs.(2010).Health and Pacific peoples in New Zealand, 31.

Online Banking free essay sample

Online-banking is the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly to customers through electronic, Interactive communication channels. Online-banking includes the systems that enable financial institution customers. Individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financial products and services through a public or private network including the Internet, Customers access online-banking services using an intelligent electronic device. Online Banking is one of the truly widespread avatars of E-Commerce the world over. 1. 2 Background Safe and secure internet banking system means the provision of information about a bank and its services via a home page on the internet. Internet banking system provides customer access to accounts, the ability to make transaction between different accounts. The main objective of this project, any user with a personal computer and browser can get connected to his bank service website to perform any transaction that he wishes. In internet banking system the bank has a centralized database that is web enabled. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Banking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All the service that the bank branch permitted on the internet is displayed in the menu of the system. It is believed that online banking began in 1995. It was October 6 and presidential savings bank offered an alternative to the usual branch banking by offering on line access of bank services. This opened the gates for banks solely existing in the internet banking and allowed other physical banks to join in. Nowadays, it is rare to see huge banks that offer no online banking services as more and more people get connected to the web. There are also more and more banks that advertise on the web and there are now a huge number of web domains by banks. This is the basically the start of the online banking history (Jeff Wysaski, 1999). For carrying out internet banking properly, a basic knowledge of computer and internet required by the user, which limits the number of users willing to make used of internet banking facility. Many users which are not comfortable with computer and internet, they often find it so difficult to use internet banking. Therefore, for beginners, internet banking is really time-consuming. In addition people also find it difficult in trusting a completely mechanized system like internet banking, in case of any financial matters. For instance a simple mistake, like clicking a wrong button, may create a big problem. And so, many individual often keep wondering how they executed the transaction. 1. 3 Statement of the problem The research is focused on the present online or internet banking system in Nigeria, the lapses in these systems and how these systems can be improved to deliver a better and efficient service. What motivated the author to write this project is that the existing system has disadvantages such as time and security issues. Most the systems are slow and there is no concrete security concerning user’s personal detail. Nigeria is a country that is known for internet crime, if there are loopholes in an online banking system it will cause a great damage to that bank. The solution to this is a more secure and fast system. The author intends to find these loose ends that cause security and slowness of the system, and then address it by creating a better one. That motivated the author to develop this project, which gives the real life understanding of safe and secure internet banking, and activities performed by various roles in the supply chain. The project enables users to look after some of their banking needs from a computer connected to the internet. They can conduct any kind of transaction process with their personal banking details such as managing of transactions or view their bank statements. The World is advancing at a rapid stage. Data theft is becoming a big issue. If it is not tackled effectively it will cause a lot of trouble to any bank. Also, the concept of Online-banking in Nigeria is still very new; the author wants to create awareness through developing a prototype, and then demonstrating it to show its importance. 1. 4 Objectives The main objective of this project is to provide anytime internet banking service to user without customer having problem to access the system. To study existing online banking systems in Nigeria * To study the state of online banking implementation in Nigeria * To establish a way to make the system more efficient and effective * To implement a prototype of online banking system using the new standard of HTML and CSS3 The main focus’s and aim of this project is to provide a secure of easy operations of the banking activities. 1. 5 Purpose of the system The aim of this project is to develop a secured online banking system with the following objectives: * Create an efficient and effective online banking system * To create a better online banking system in Nigeria To establish a more secure and simple interface * To implement online banking in Nigeria using International standard CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Successfully completing the project involves the responsibility to conduct a proper literature review on the existing Online Banking systems. This is to get a clear picture on the subject before going further into the research and design phase of the development. 2. 1 Existing system The traditional way of maintaining the details of a user in a bank was to enter the details and record them. Every time if the customers want to perform any transaction he has to go to bank and perform the necessary actions, which may not be feasible all the time. It may be a hard-hitting task for the user and the banker too. 2. 2 History of Online Banking The precursor for the modern home online banking services were the distance banking services over electronic media from the early 80s. The term online became popular in the late 80s and refers to the use of a terminal, keyboard and TV (or monitor) to access the banking system using a phone line. ‘Home banking’ can also refer to the use of a numeric keypad to send tones down a phone line with instructions to the bank. Online services started in New York in 1981 when four of the city’s major banks (Citibank, Chase Manhattan, Chemical and Manufacturers Hanover) offered home banking services using the videotex system. Because of the commercial failure of videotex, these banking services never became popular except in France where the use of videotex (Minitel) was subsidized by the telecom provider and the UK, where the Prestel system was used. The UK’s first home online banking services were set up by the Nottingham Building Society (NBS) in 1983 (History of the Nottingham Retrieved on 2007-12-14. ). The system used was based on the UKs Prestel system and used a computer, such as the BBC Micro, or keyboard (Tandata Td1400) connected to the telephone system and television set. The system (known as Home link) allowed on-line viewing of  statements, bank transfers and bill payments. In order to make bank transfers and bill payments, a written instruction giving details of the intended recipient had to be sent to the NBS who set the details up on the Home link system. Typical recipients were gas, electricity and telephone companies and accounts with other banks. Details of  payments to be made were input into the NBS system by the account holder via Prestel. A cheque was then sent by NBS to the payee and an advice giving details of  the payment was sent to the account holder. BACS was later used to transfer the payment directly. Stanford Federal Credit Union was the first financial institution to offer online internet banking services to all  of its members in Oct,  1994. Definition of the Online Banking The concept of internet banking has been defined in many ways. Daniel (1999) defines electronic banking as the delivery of banks information and services by banks to customers via different delivery platforms that can be used with different terminal devices such as a personal computer and a mobile phone with browser or desktop software, telephone or digital television. †¢According to Pikkarainen, Karjaluoto, and Pahnila (2004)   Define online  banking as an internet portal through customers can use different kind of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investments. With the exception of cash withdrawals, internet banking give customers access to almost any type of banking transaction at the click of a mouse, by De young, (2001). Indeed the use of internet banking as a new alternative channel for the distribution of financial services has become a competitive necessity instead of just a way to achieve competitive advantage with the advent of globalization and fiercer competition as explained by et al.  2004. All the banks using the internet as an additional channel or a bank using only the internet as delivery channel are now equal footing to offer their banking services on the internet and to compete for around the world. †¢Robinson, (2000) and Sathye, (1999) Banks uses internet banking as it is one of the cheapest delivery channels for banking products (Pikkarainen 2004). Says such service also saves the time and money of the bank with an added benefit of minimizing the likelihood of committing errors by the bank tellers (Jayawardhena of 2000). Also said internet banking offer services regardless of geography and time, and banks thus provide its services to the customers for them to use at their convenience. As Karjaluoto of 2002, Argued â€Å"internet banking is no longer bound to time and geography. Customers over the world have relatively easy access to their bank accounts, 24 hours per day, and seven days in a week. The author further argued that, with internet banking services, the customers who felt that branch banking took too much of time and effort are now able to make transaction at the click of their fingers. In accordance with Stewart (1999) Claimed that the failure of the internet in retail banking is largely attributed due to the lack of trust consumers have in the electronic channels. Richness and sound presence of internet banking environment will affect banks’ ability to create a trusting relationship between their customers and employees. The concept of internet banking is a delivery channel for banking services. Banks have used electronic channels for year to communicate and transact business with both domestic and international corporate customers. Internet banking acceptance studies Internet banking acceptance has gained special attention in academic studies during the past five years as banking journals have devoted special issues on the topic (Mukherjee and Nath, (2003). Give two reasons that can be established for online banking development and diffusion. First, banks can saves costs by offering online banking services. It has been proven that online banking channel is the cheapest delivery channel for banking products one stabilized (Gigho, 2002). Secondly, banks can reduce their branch network and downsize the number of services staff, which open the way for online banking as many customers feel that branch banking requires too much of their time and effort. Therefore, time and cost saving and freedom from place have been found to the main reason underlying online banking acceptance. †¢According to Hamilton and Hewer, (2002) Says internet banking offers many benefits to bank as well as to customers. However, when compared globally the percentage of online user is not as high in the USA as other regions of the world. There can be several reasons for this, the most obvious new online banking has no social dimension, and they are not served in the same way as in a face to face situation at a branch. Plus there are issue of security and privacy. The businesses benefit of internet banking, according to Gow (1997). It to generate additional revenue, improves customer service, extend marking and increase cost of savings. Banks enjoy the benefit as well. †¢In Accordance with Ainscough and Luckett (1996) The provision of customer interactivity is an important criterion that attracts users in the delivery of internet banking. Gerrard and Cunningham (2003), also identify other factors of paramount importance in ensuring the success of internet banking, the ability of an innovation to meet users need using different feature availability on the website. For instance, the provision of interactive loan calculators, exchange rate converters, and mortgage calculators on the website draw the attention of both users and non-users into the banks website. A UK study uncovered five key service quality attribute, such as security related issue, convenience, speed and timeliness of the services, and product variety diverse features (White and Nteli 2004). Therefore it hypothesized that convenience has positive effort on customer satisfaction. Customer has doubts about the trust of the internet banking privacy policies (Gerrard and Cunningham 2003). Trust has striking influence on user’s willingness to engage in online exchanges of money and personal sensitive information.